Market research

Wheat and meslin market in Nepal

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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Earlier Report Observations

Severe drought, hail-storms, and heavy snowfall in Nepal's western regions reduced wheat yields by 20-40% in 2018, holding production to 1 949 thousand tons. The following year, increased application of pesticides and fertilizers supported a recovery, with production rising to 2 006 thousand tons.

The wheat and meslin market expanded from 2 075 thousand tons in 2018 to 2 558 thousand tons in 2020, driven by a sharp rise in imports, which reached 373 thousand tons in 2020. Declining food stocks and rising market prices during this period signaled supply tightness, prompting increased imports to meet domestic demand.

Following the 2020 peak, market volume contracted, falling to 2 236 thousand tons in 2022 before stabilizing at 2 256 thousand tons in 2023. The National Sample Census of Agriculture conducted in 2021 provided updated agricultural production data for policy and market decision-making.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Nepal
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Nepal in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Nepal in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Nepal in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Nepal in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Nepal, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Nepal in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Nepal in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Nepal, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Nepal in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Nepal in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Nepal, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Nepal in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Nepal in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Nepal, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Nepal by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, M $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, M $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production wheat and meslin in Nepal

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

Top producers of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Nepal's wheat and meslin production has grown for three consecutive years. In 2020, the country produced 2 185 K t of wheat and meslin, which represents a 9.0% increase compared to the previous year. Looking at the period from 2017 to 2020, production rose by 16.3%, translating to an average annual growth rate of 5.2%.

Annual dynamics of production in Nepal in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	3.7%	2.9%	9.0%	5.2%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports wheat and meslin from Nepal

Marketing research findings indicate that Nepal did not export any wheat and meslin between 2017 and 2020.

Imports wheat and meslin to Nepal

Imports in kind, K t

The market showed an unstable trend during this period. Import volumes reached their lowest point in 2018 at 126.2 K t, with the largest decline of 36.8% occurring that year. By 2020, imports had climbed to 373.2 K t, marking an 87.6% increase from the previous year and representing the highest level in the timeframe. Overall, there was a 3-fold difference between the peak in 2020 and the low in 2018.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Nepal in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(36.8%)	57.7%	87.6%	23.2%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, imports of wheat and meslin to Nepal were almost entirely concentrated in India, which accounted for 99.5% of the total volume.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Nepal in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, M $ US

The data reveals irregular changes, pointing to a volatile market environment. Import values hit their lowest point in 2018 at 32.8 M $ US, with the largest decline of 35.1% recorded that year. By 2020, imports had surged to 101.8 M $ US, showing a sharp 84.9% increase compared to the previous year and reaching the highest level in the period. Overall, import levels fluctuated 3.1 times between the high in 2020 and the low in 2018.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Nepal in value, 2017-2020, M $ US