Market research

Wheat and meslin market in Europe

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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"Europe" region includes following countries:

Albania

Andorra

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Gibraltar

Greece

the Holy See

Italy

Malta

Montenegro

Portugal

San Marino

Serbia

Slovenia

Spain

North Macedonia

Bulgaria

Belarus

Czechia

Hungary

Moldova

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovakia

Ukraine

Denmark

Estonia

Faroe Islands

Finland

Åland Islands

Iceland

Ireland

Latvia

Lithuania

Norway

Sweden

the United Kingdom

Isle of Man

Austria

Belgium

France

Germany

Liechtenstein

Luxembourg

Monaco

the Netherlands

Switzerland

Earlier Report Observations

The European wheat and meslin market volume grew from 171.1 million tonnes in 2018 to 190.0 million tonnes in 2019, a period that saw a sharp 83% reduction in imports of organic soft wheat, reshaping supply structures. However, the market contracted to 165.4 million tonnes in 2020 amid broader regional uncertainties.

Market volume recovered to 193.4 million tonnes in 2021 and reached a peak of 216.7 million tonnes in 2022. This growth phase coincided with the outbreak of the Ukraine conflict, which triggered significant wheat price volatility and altered trade flows across the continent.

By 2023, increased competition from Black Sea grain and lower oil prices contributed to a decline in market volume to 195.0 million tonnes. In 2024, unfavorable weather conditions, including excessive rainfall, led to a historically low soft wheat harvest in Europe, severely impacting production and export capacity.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Europe
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Europe in kind, 2018-2023, M t
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, M t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, M t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, M t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Albania in kind, 2018-2024, M t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Albania in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Albania, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, M t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Albania in kind, 2018-2024, M t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Albania in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Albania, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, M t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Albania in kind, 2018-2024, M t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Albania in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Albania, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, M t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Albania in kind, 2018-2024, M t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Albania in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Albania, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, M t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, M $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, M t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, M $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production wheat and meslin in Europe

In kind, 2017-2020, M t

Top producers of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

In 2020, Europe produced 254.8 million tonnes of wheat and meslin, marking a gradual year-over-year decrease of 4.3%. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, production fell by 6.5%, with a compound annual growth rate of -2.2%. The lowest production level was recorded in 2018 at 242.2 million tonnes, which saw the largest decline of 11.1%. In contrast, 2019 experienced the largest increase of 9.9%.

Annual dynamics of production in Europe in kind, 2017-2020, M t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(11.1%)	9.9%	(4.3%)	(2.2%)

Source: SHEV.io

In value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Wheat and meslin production in Europe increased for the second consecutive year. In 2020, the output was valued at 59 752 million US dollars, up by 3.8% compared to 2019. From 2017 to 2020, production rose by 10.7%, with a compound annual growth rate of 3.4%. The lowest value was recorded in 2018 at 52 392 million US dollars, which saw a decline of 3.0%. The largest increase occurred in 2019 at 9.9%.

Annual dynamics of production in Europe in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(3.0%)	9.9%	3.8%	3.4%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports wheat and meslin from Europe

Exports in kind, M t

In 2020, foreign wheat and meslin supplies from Europe reached 110.2 million tonnes, representing a year-over-year gain of 7.7%. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, exports increased by 11.8%, with a compound annual growth rate of 3.8%. The largest decline was recorded in 2019 at 1.6%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Europe in kind, 2017-2020, M t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	5.5%	(1.6%)	7.7%	3.8%

Source: SHEV.io

An analysis of exports in kind from 2017 to 2020 reveals a broad distribution across many markets. Egypt accounted for 11.1% of exports in kind, Turkey for 6.9%, and Algeria for 4.9%, together making up only 22.8% of total flows. The remaining 77.2% was distributed among other partners.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Europe in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, M $ US

In 2020, wheat and meslin shipments from Europe to abroad stood at 25 852 million US dollars, showing a strong year-over-year increase of 16.8%. From 2017 to 2020, exports grew by 32.3%, with a compound annual growth rate of 9.8%. The largest decline was recorded in 2019 at 1.6%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Europe in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	15.2%	(1.6%)	16.8%	9.8%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the buyer portfolio for wheat and meslin from Europe was broad. Egypt contributed 10.9% of exports in value terms, Turkey 6.7%, and Algeria 5.0%, together accounting for only 22.6% of total exports in value terms. Many other countries held smaller but non-negligible shares.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Europe in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports wheat and meslin to Europe

Imports in kind, M t

Cross-border shipments of wheat and meslin to Europe declined for the second consecutive year. In 2020, Europe imported a total of 20.8 million tonnes, marking a notable decline of 20.7% over the past year. Between 2017 and 2020, imports decreased by 36.7%, equating to an annualized rate of -14.1%. The highest value was recorded in 2018 at 32.9 million tonnes, which saw the largest increase of 0.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Europe in kind, 2017-2020, M t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	0.1%	(20.3%)	(20.7%)	(14.1%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, Canada, the United States, and Kazakhstan were the primary suppliers of wheat and meslin to Europe in kind. Canada accounted for 4.6% of imports in kind, the United States for 2.1%, and Kazakhstan for 1.2%, jointly making up 7.8% of total imports in kind.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Europe in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, M $ US

In 2020, wheat and meslin deliveries to Europe amounted to 8 324 million US dollars, representing a moderate improvement of 4.0% compared to 2019. The lowest value was recorded in 2019 at 8 005 million US dollars, which saw the largest decline of 10.6%. The highest value was in 2018 at 8 957 million US dollars, with the largest increase of 7.9%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Europe in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	7.9%	(10.6%)	4.0%	0.1%

Source: SHEV.io

Throughout 2017 to 2020, Canada, the United States, and Kazakhstan remained the main markets for imports in value terms of wheat and meslin to Europe. Canada accounted for 6.1% of imports in value terms, the United States for 2.8%, and Kazakhstan for 1.5%, jointly taking 10.3% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Europe in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io