Market research

Wheat and meslin market in SADC

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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"SADC" region includes following countries:

Angola

Botswana

Comoros

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Eswatini

Lesotho

Madagascar

Malawi

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

Seychelles

South Africa

Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Earlier Report Observations

Following a severe drought in the Western Cape in 2017 that cut output, wheat production rebounded by about 30% in 2018 due to better weather and expanded plantings in the Free State, supporting a market volume of 5.9 million tonnes. Market volume then dipped to 5.7 million tonnes in 2019 as production fell. A sharp surge in imports drove market volume up to 8.1 million tonnes in 2020.

Market volume retreated to 7.8 million tonnes in 2021. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia in 2022 sent global wheat prices above US$500 per tonne and raised fertilizer and crop protection costs by over 50%, constraining supply and contributing to a further market decline to 7.4 million tonnes. The market recovered to 8.9 million tonnes in 2023 as production increased despite heavy floods in the Western Cape and global wheat prices moderated from their peaks. During this period, new players entered the milling sector with support from the Department of Trade and Industry.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in SADC
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in SADC in kind, 2018-2023, K t
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Angola in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Angola by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Angola in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Angola by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Angola, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Angola by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Angola in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Angola by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Angola in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Angola by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Angola, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Angola by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Angola in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Angola by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Angola in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Angola by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Angola, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Angola by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Angola in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Angola by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Angola in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Angola by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Angola, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Angola by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, M $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, M $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production wheat and meslin in SADC

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

Top producers of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

In 2020, SADC produced 2,647 K t of wheat and meslin, marking a 39.8% increase compared to the previous year. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, production grew by 41.4%, with a compound annual growth rate of 12.2%. The most significant decline occurred in 2019, when production fell by 11.5%.

Annual dynamics of production in SADC in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	14.2%	(11.5%)	39.8%	12.2%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports wheat and meslin from SADC

Exports in kind, K t

Market performance showed notable fluctuations during this period. The lowest export volume was recorded in 2018 at 8 K t, while the highest was in 2019 at 180 K t, representing a peak-to-trough ratio of 23 times. In 2020, SADC exported 25 K t of wheat and meslin, which is 86.0% lower than in the previous year. The largest decline occurred in 2018, with a drop of 94.4%, while the largest increase was in 2019, with a surge of 2,153.6%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from SADC in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(94.4%)	2 153.6%	(86.0%)	(43.9%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, Rwanda and Special Categories were the largest contributors to exports in kind, together accounting for 2.4% of total flows.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from SADC in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, M $ US

The market displayed an unstable trend throughout the timeframe. Export volumes varied 2.9 times from the low in 2018 to the high in 2020. In 2020, exported wheat and meslin volumes from SADC amounted to 59 M $ US, reflecting a 24.4% increase from 2019. The minimum value was recorded in 2018 at 21 M $ US. The largest decline occurred in 2018, with a decrease of 43.3%, while the largest increase was in 2019, with a rise of 129.9%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from SADC in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(43.3%)	129.9%	24.4%	17.4%

Source: SHEV.io

During 2017–2020, Rwanda and Special Categories remained the largest destinations for exports in value terms of wheat and meslin from SADC, with a combined share of 1.6% of total flows.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from SADC in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports wheat and meslin to SADC

Imports in kind, K t

Wheat and meslin deliveries to SADC increased for the second consecutive year. In 2020, imports totaled 5,502 K t, showing a steep rise of 36.5% compared to the previous year. Between 2017 and 2020, imports grew by 45.4%, equating to an annualized rate of 13.3%. The minimum value was recorded in 2018 at 3,746 K t. The largest decline occurred in 2018, with a drop of 1.0%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to SADC in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(1.0%)	7.6%	36.5%	13.3%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, three principal markets—Russia, Germany, and Poland—together accounted for 52.0% of total imports in kind of wheat and meslin to SADC.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to SADC in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, M $ US

The volume of wheat and meslin imports to SADC increased for the third consecutive year. In 2020, imports were recorded at 1,468 M $ US, representing a sharp gain of 36.0% compared to the previous year. Between 2017 and 2020, imports rose by 64.3%, equating to an annualized rate of 18.0%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to SADC in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	6.1%	13.9%	36.0%	18.0%

Source: SHEV.io

During 2017–2020, Russia (30.8% of imports in value terms), Germany (9.9% of imports in value terms), and France (9.6% of imports in value terms) continued to be the main suppliers of wheat and meslin to SADC, jointly forming 50.3% of total imports in value terms.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to SADC in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io