Market research

Wheat and meslin market in Ethiopia

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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Earlier Report Observations

The Ethiopian wheat and meslin market expanded from 6.4 million tonnes in 2018 to a peak of 8.1 million tonnes in 2021. This growth was supported by a consistent increase in domestic production, which rose from 5.3 million tonnes to 6.2 million tonnes over the period, coupled with a significant surge in import volumes that reached 1.8 million tonnes in 2021.

Following the peak, market size contracted to 7.6 million tonnes in 2022 and further to 6.7 million tonnes in 2023. The downturn was primarily driven by a sharp decline in imports, which fell to 0.6 million tonnes in 2023, alongside a slight reduction in production output from its previous levels.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Ethiopia
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Ethiopia in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Ethiopia in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Ethiopia in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Ethiopia in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Ethiopia, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Ethiopia in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Ethiopia in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Ethiopia, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Ethiopia in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Ethiopia in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Ethiopia, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Ethiopia in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Ethiopia in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Ethiopia, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Ethiopia by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, M $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, M $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production wheat and meslin in Ethiopia

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

From 2017 to 2020, Ethiopia ranked 24th globally in wheat and meslin production.

Top producers of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Wheat and meslin production in Ethiopia grew for the third consecutive year. In 2020, Ethiopia produced 5 810 K t of wheat and meslin, marking a 5.4% increase from the previous year. Between 2017 and 2020, production rose by 18.8%, which translates to an annualized growth rate of 5.9%.

Annual dynamics of production in Ethiopia in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	8.1%	4.3%	5.4%	5.9%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports wheat and meslin from Ethiopia

Exports in kind, K t

The market showed significant fluctuations during this period. Export volumes reached their lowest point in 2018 and peaked in 2019, with a 273-fold difference between these years. In 2020, Ethiopia's wheat and meslin exports stood at 0.0 K t, reflecting a sharp 78.0% decline year-over-year. The highest export volume was recorded in 2019 at 0.0 K t, with the largest increase occurring that year at 27 220.0%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Ethiopia in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	27 220.0%	(78.0%)	-

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, Canada and the United States together accounted for 99.7% of Ethiopia's total wheat and meslin exports in kind, indicating a highly concentrated market.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Ethiopia in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, M $ US

The market displayed an unstable trend throughout the period. The lowest export value was recorded in 2018, while the highest was reached in 2019, with a 23-fold difference between these years. In 2020, Ethiopia's foreign wheat and meslin supplies totaled 0.0 M $ US, representing a sharp 55.6% decrease compared to the previous year. The maximum value was recorded in 2019 at 0.0 M $ US, with the largest increase occurring that year at 2 227.2%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Ethiopia in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	2 227.2%	(55.6%)	-

Source: SHEV.io

Throughout 2017 to 2020, Canada and the United States were the primary buyers of wheat and meslin from Ethiopia, together making up 97.1% of total exports in value terms, with other countries accounting for the remainder.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Ethiopia in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports wheat and meslin to Ethiopia

Imports in kind, K t

After two years of growth, foreign wheat and meslin supplies to Ethiopia declined. In 2020, imports amounted to 1 050 K t, showing a robust 22.9% decrease year-over-year. Over the 2017-2020 period, imports decreased by 2.5%, with a compound annual growth rate of 0.8%. The highest import volume was recorded in 2019 at 1 361 K t, with the largest increase occurring that year at 19.3%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Ethiopia in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	6.0%	19.3%	(22.9%)	(0.8%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the United States (26.7% of imports in kind), Romania (21.2% of imports in kind), and Ukraine (20.9% of imports in kind) were the key partners for Ethiopia's wheat and meslin imports, together accounting for 68.7% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Ethiopia in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, M $ US

After a two-year rise, wheat and meslin volumes imported by Ethiopia declined. In 2020, Ethiopia imported approximately 429.9 M $ US of wheat and meslin, indicating a 6.2% decrease from 2019. Between 2017 and 2020, imports increased by 30.9%, equating to an annualized rate of 9.4%. The maximum value was recorded in 2019 at 458.4 M $ US, with the largest increase occurring in 2018 at 21.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Ethiopia in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	21.1%	15.2%	(6.2%)	9.4%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the United States (30.4% of imports in value terms), Ukraine (20.6% of imports in value terms), and Romania (20.6% of imports in value terms) remained the principal suppliers of wheat and meslin to Ethiopia, jointly accounting for 71.5% of total imports in value terms.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Ethiopia in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io