Market research

Rye market in Europe

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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File format: docx, xlsx

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"Europe" region includes following countries:

Albania

Andorra

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Gibraltar

Greece

the Holy See

Italy

Malta

Montenegro

Portugal

San Marino

Serbia

Slovenia

Spain

North Macedonia

Bulgaria

Belarus

Czechia

Hungary

Moldova

Poland

Romania

Russia

Slovakia

Ukraine

Denmark

Estonia

Faroe Islands

Finland

Åland Islands

Iceland

Ireland

Latvia

Lithuania

Norway

Sweden

the United Kingdom

Isle of Man

Austria

Belgium

France

Germany

Liechtenstein

Luxembourg

Monaco

the Netherlands

Switzerland

Earlier Report Observations

The European rye market volume grew strongly from 8.9 million tonnes in 2018 to 12.1 million tonnes in 2020. It then contracted to 10.6 million tonnes in 2021, followed by relative stability near 11 million tonnes in 2022 before declining to 10.1 million tonnes in 2023.

As the EU's leading producer, Germany maintained rye harvests around 3.2 million tonnes in 2022 and 2023. The crop is predominantly used for animal feed, while food use, particularly for rye bread, has been supported by specific flour qualities like low enzyme activity that favor baking. Agricultural challenges and climate change have promoted the cultivation of hardy hybrid rye varieties.

Market dynamics were also affected by cost pressures from energy and labor, leading mills to increase their average milling volumes to maintain efficiency. Consumer prices for rye and mixed-grain bread remained stable throughout the period.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Europe
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Europe in kind, 2018-2023, K t
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Albania in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Albania in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Albania, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Albania in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Albania in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Albania, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Albania by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Albania in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Albania in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Albania, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Albania in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Albania in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Albania, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Albania by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, M $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, M $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production rye in Europe

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

Top producers of rye, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of rye, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Europe's rye production has increased for the second consecutive year. In 2020, Europe produced 12 983 K t of rye, marking a significant 17.4% rise from the previous year. Looking at the period from 2017 to 2020, production grew by 15.6%, which translates to an annualized rate of 4.9%. The lowest production level was recorded in 2018 at 9 105 K t, with the largest decline that year of 18.9%. In contrast, the largest increase occurred in 2019, with a jump of 21.5%.

Annual dynamics of production in Europe in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(18.9%)	21.5%	17.4%	4.9%

Source: SHEV.io

In value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Rye production in Europe has risen for the second year in a row. In 2020, the output was valued at 3 722 M $ US, showing a modest gain of 7.8% compared to the previous year. From 2017 to 2020, production increased by 28.9%, with a compound annual growth rate of 8.8%. The minimum value was recorded in 2018 at 2 686 M $ US, which saw the largest decline of 7.0%. The largest increase was in 2019, with a surge of 28.6%.

Annual dynamics of production in Europe in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(7.0%)	28.6%	7.8%	8.8%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports rye from Europe

Exports in kind, K t

In 2020, Europe's rye exports reached 1 401 K t, reflecting a steep increase of 59.3% compared to 2019. Between 2017 and 2020, exports grew by 114.8%, equating to an annualized rate of 29.0%. The largest decline was recorded in 2019, with a drop of 6.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Europe in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	43.6%	(6.1%)	59.3%	29.0%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the partner landscape for rye exports in kind was diverse. The United States accounted for 7.3% of exports, Japan for 1.4%, and Israel for 0.7%, together making up only 9.5% of total flows. The remaining 90.5% was distributed among many other countries.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Europe in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, M $ US

In 2020, foreign rye supplies from Europe stood at 401.7 M $ US, showing an advance of 46.2% compared to the previous year. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, exports increased by 139.4%, with a compound annual growth rate of 33.8%. The largest decline was recorded in 2019, with a decrease of 0.6%, while the largest increase occurred in 2018, with a rise of 64.8%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Europe in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	64.8%	(0.6%)	46.2%	33.8%

Source: SHEV.io

The partner structure of rye exports in value terms from 2017 to 2020 was fragmented. The United States contributed 7.1% of exports, Japan 1.9%, and Norway 0.7%, together accounting for only 9.7% of total flows. No single country held a dominant share during this period.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Europe in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports rye to Europe

Imports in kind, K t

The volume of rye imports into Europe has declined for the second consecutive year. In 2020, import volume came to 481 K t, down by 26.0% compared to 2019. Between 2017 and 2020, imports decreased by 15.8%, equating to an annualized rate of 5.6%. The maximum value was recorded in 2018 at 721 K t, which also saw the largest increase of 26.3%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Europe in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	26.3%	(9.8%)	(26.0%)	(5.6%)

Source: SHEV.io

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Europe in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, M $ US

In 2020, rye imports into Europe amounted to 342.6 M $ US, which is 54.8% higher compared to 2019. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, imports increased by 116.3%, with a compound annual growth rate of 29.3%. The largest decline was recorded in 2019, with a drop of 10.7%, while the largest increase occurred in 2018, with a rise of 56.4%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Europe in value, 2017-2020, M $ US