Wheat and meslin flour and cereals market in Azerbaijan

Earlier Report Observations

From 2018 to 2020, the market volume for wheat and meslin flour and cereals in Azerbaijan rose from 1 523 thousand tons to 1 582 thousand tons. This growth was underpinned by state measures, including the adoption of a Strategic Roadmap for agricultural production and processing, the expansion of subsidies for fuel, fertilizers, and seeds, and tax exemptions for farmers. In 2019, the strengthening of the Agrarian Credit and Development Agency and the implementation of rules for subsidizing agricultural products further stimulated domestic output, while government programs to increase self-sufficiency in food wheat directly targeted grain production.

After 2020, market volume declined for two consecutive years, falling to 1 383 thousand tons in 2022. This contraction coincided with global inflationary pressures and supply chain disruptions linked to the coronavirus pandemic and climate change, which raised production costs and constrained output. Simultaneously, the state introduced customs duty and VAT concessions on food imports to ease domestic supply and strengthened anti-monopoly controls to prevent price manipulation.

In 2023, the market rebounded to 1 565 thousand tons, approaching pre‑decline levels. The recovery was supported by continued state subsidies for agricultural inputs and fuel, as well as ongoing programs to boost wheat self-sufficiency, which helped restore domestic production. Concurrently, the earlier import facilitation measures contributed to a significant rise in imported flour and cereals, supplementing domestic supply.

Production wheat and meslin flour and cereals in Azerbaijan

In kind, 2018-2021, K t

Top producers of wheat and meslin flour and cereals, 2018-2021

World map of production of wheat and meslin flour and cereals, 2018-2021

Azerbaijan's production of wheat and meslin flour and cereals declined after two years of growth. In 2021, the country produced 1,485 thousand tons, representing a modest 5.9% decrease from the previous year. Looking at the period from 2018 to 2021, production fell by 2.3%, which translates to an annualized decline of 0.8%. The highest production level was recorded in 2020 at 1,577 thousand tons, while the largest year-on-year increase occurred in 2019 at 3.1%.

Annual dynamics of production in Azerbaijan in kind, 2018-2021, K t

Exports wheat and meslin flour and cereals from Azerbaijan

Exports in kind, t

In 2021, Azerbaijan's export volume of wheat and meslin flour and cereals reached 0.1 tons, marking a 36.0% decrease compared to the previous year. Over the 2018-2021 period, exports dropped by 100%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -95.3%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Azerbaijan in kind, 2018-2021, t

From 2018 to 2021, Iraq remained the primary destination for Azerbaijan's exports in kind, accounting for 73.2% of total flows. The remaining exports were distributed across various other markets.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

World map of product's exports from Azerbaijan in kind, 2018-2021

Exports in value, K $ US

In 2021, Azerbaijan's exports of wheat and meslin flour and cereals totaled 0.2 thousand US dollars, down 39.6% from the previous year. Between 2018 and 2021, exports declined by 99.9%, equating to an annualized decrease of 91.9%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Azerbaijan in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

During 2018-2021, Iraq consistently represented 71.0% of Azerbaijan's total export value for wheat and meslin flour and cereals, highlighting a strong concentration on this market. The remaining value was spread among other countries.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2021

World map of product's exports from Azerbaijan in value, 2018-2021

Imports wheat and meslin flour and cereals to Azerbaijan

Imports in kind, t

After two years of growth, Azerbaijan's imports of wheat and meslin flour and cereals declined. In 2021, imports amounted to 4,602 tons, a 7.5% decrease year-over-year. Over the 2018-2021 period, imports increased by 34.4%, with an annualized growth rate of 10.4%. The peak import volume was recorded in 2020 at 4,975 tons, while the largest year-on-year increase occurred in 2019 at 22.8%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Azerbaijan in kind, 2018-2021, t

From 2018 to 2021, nearly all of Azerbaijan's imports in kind of wheat and meslin flour and cereals came from Russia, which accounted for 97.2% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

World map of product's imports to Azerbaijan in kind, 2018-2021

Imports in value, K $ US

Following two years of increase, Azerbaijan's imports of wheat and meslin flour and cereals in value terms declined. In 2021, imports were recorded at 1,953 thousand US dollars, down 3.0% from 2020. Between 2018 and 2021, imports rose by 42.4%, translating to an annualized growth rate of 12.5%. The highest value was in 2020 at 2,012 thousand US dollars, with the largest year-on-year increase in 2019 at 26.8%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Azerbaijan in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

In 2018-2021, wheat and meslin flour and cereals imports to Azerbaijan were almost exclusively supplied by Russia, which represented 94.8% of total imports in value terms.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2021

World map of product's imports to Azerbaijan in value, 2018-2021