Market research

Unmanufactured tobacco and refuse market in Syria

Release date: Mar 29, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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File format: docx, xlsx

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Earlier Report Observations

Syria's unmanufactured tobacco market volume began at 14,120 t in 2018, edging down to 13,372 t in 2019. The decline reflected tighter conditions for growers: the state tobacco monopoly maintained its control while cutting direct subsidies for seeds and pesticides, and soaring prices for fuel and fertilizers raised production costs, discouraging expansion. Against this backdrop, 2020 brought an unexpected jump, with market volume leaping to 18,821 t.

A sustained downturn followed from 2021 onward. Market volume dropped to 14,439 t in 2021, then plunged to 9,837 t in 2022—a fall exceeding 30% that aligned with official reports of sharply reduced planted area. By 2023, volume contracted further to 7,939 t, as economic and logistical hardships continued to weigh on output. The regulatory landscape shifted decisively in 2024 when Legislative Decree No. 16 ended the long-standing state monopoly, permitting private sector entry into tobacco processing and marketing.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Syria
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Syria in kind, 2018-2023, t
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Syria in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Exports
1. 6.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Syria in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Syria by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Syria in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Syria by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Syria, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Syria by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 6.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Syria in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Syria by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Syria in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Syria by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Syria, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Syria by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
7. Imports
1. 7.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Syria in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Syria by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Syria in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Syria by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Syria, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Syria by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 7.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Syria in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Syria by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Syria in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Syria by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Syria, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Syria by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, K $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, K $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production unmanufactured tobacco and refuse in Syria

In kind, 2017-2020, t

Top producers of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Syria's production of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse rebounded after a two-year decline. In 2020, the country produced 18 679 tonnes, marking a significant 40.5% increase from the 13 293 tonnes recorded in 2019. Over the four-year period from 2017 to 2020, production grew by 32.6%, with an average annual growth rate of 9.9%. The lowest production level was observed in 2019, which also saw the steepest decline of 5.0%.

Annual dynamics of production in Syria in kind, 2017-2020, t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(0.7%)	(5.0%)	40.5%	9.9%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports unmanufactured tobacco and refuse from Syria

Exports in kind, t

Syria's exports of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse reached 55.0 tonnes in 2020, representing a 22.4% year-on-year increase. From 2017 to 2020, exports surged by an extraordinary 42 229.2%, translating to an average annual growth rate of 650.8%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Syria in kind, 2017-2020, t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	n/a	22.4%	650.8%

Source: SHEV.io

Between 2017 and 2020, Bulgaria was the dominant destination for Syria's exports of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse in kind, consistently accounting for 99.9% of the total volume.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Syria in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, K $ US

In 2020, Syria's exports of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse in value terms amounted to 72 thousand US dollars, up 17.5% from the previous year. From 2017 to 2020, export value skyrocketed by 14 925.2%, with an average annual increase of 431.6%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Syria in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	n/a	17.5%	431.6%

Source: SHEV.io

During the 2017–2020 period, Syria's exports of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse in value terms were almost exclusively directed to Bulgaria, which absorbed 99.4% of the total export value.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Syria in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports unmanufactured tobacco and refuse to Syria

Imports in kind, t

Syria's imports of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse recovered after a two-year downturn. In 2020, imports rose to 197.3 tonnes, a 58.6% increase from the previous year's 124.4 tonnes. Over the 2017–2020 span, imports grew by 54.4%, with an average annual rate of 15.6%. The lowest import volume was recorded in 2019, which also experienced the largest decline of 2.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Syria in kind, 2017-2020, t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(0.5%)	(2.1%)	58.6%	15.6%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the key sources for Syria's imports of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse in kind were Iran (58.9% of imports), the United Arab Emirates (20.1%), and India (12.8%). Together, these three countries accounted for 91.9% of the total import volume.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Syria in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, K $ US

The market for imports in value terms showed considerable volatility during these years. Imports peaked in 2020 at 1 213 thousand US dollars, a 204.8% increase year-on-year, while the lowest point was in 2018 at 205 thousand US dollars, representing a decline of 81.5%. The difference between the peak in 2020 and the trough in 2018 was 5.9-fold.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Syria in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(81.5%)	94.1%	204.8%	3.0%

Source: SHEV.io

In the 2017–2020 period, the primary sources for Syria's imports of unmanufactured tobacco and refuse in value terms were the United Arab Emirates (34.7% of import value), Iran (33.1%), and India (17.0%). Collectively, these three countries made up 84.8% of the total import value.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Syria in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io