Market research

Primary sugar crops market in Cuba

Release date: Mar 30, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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File format: docx, xlsx

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Earlier Report Observations

In 2018, production of primary sugar crops stood at 12.6 million tonnes. Hurricane Irma destroyed hundreds of thousands of hectares of cane fields, while a chronic shortage of fertilizers, fuel, and pesticides constrained producers' capacity. Despite these constraints, market volume rose to 17 million tonnes in 2019. That same year saw the launch of the large-scale "Álvaro Reynoso Task" sugar industry restructuring, which involved closing 46% of sugar mills and redirecting some facilities to by-product production.

From 2020 onward, production entered a steep decline. The tightening of the U.S. trade embargo and a severe shortage of foreign currency crippled imports of critical inputs like fertilizers and spare parts. In 2021, the number of operating sugar mills fell to 56, more than 100,000 jobs were cut, and sugarcane cultivated area shrank significantly. These structural changes drove the market volume down to 10.2 million tonnes in 2021.

The contraction continued through 2022 and 2023, as the count of active mills dropped further and persistent electricity shortages disrupted operations at remaining plants. By 2023, production had fallen to 5.1 million tonnes. In response, authorities approved a substantial increase in the state procurement price for cane and announced plans to attract foreign investment to modernize sugar mills, though these measures aimed at future seasons.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Cuba
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Cuba in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Cuba in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Exports
1. 6.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Exports in kind, kg
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Cuba in kind, 2018-2024, kg
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, kg
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Exports in value, $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Cuba in value, 2018-2024, $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Cuba, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
2. 6.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Exports in kind, kg
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Cuba in kind, 2018-2024, kg
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, kg
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Exports in value, $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Cuba in value, 2018-2024, $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Cuba, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
7. Imports
1. 7.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Imports in kind, kg
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Cuba in kind, 2018-2024, kg
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, kg
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Imports in value, $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Cuba in value, 2018-2024, $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Cuba, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
2. 7.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Imports in kind, kg
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Cuba in kind, 2018-2024, kg
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, kg
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Imports in value, $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Cuba in value, 2018-2024, $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Cuba, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Cuba by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, kg
  2. 8.1.2. In value, $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, kg
  2. 8.2.2. In value, $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production primary sugar crops in Cuba

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

Cuba was among the world's leading producers of primary sugar crops from 2017 to 2020, ranking 21st globally by production volume.

Top producers of primary sugar crops, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of primary sugar crops, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

In 2020, Cuba produced 13 872 thousand tonnes of primary sugar crops, marking an 18.4% decline compared to 2019. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, production decreased by 30.3%, which translates to an annualized rate of 11.3%. The lowest production level was recorded in 2018 at 12 600 thousand tonnes. The largest year-on-year decline occurred in 2018, with a drop of 36.7%, while the biggest increase was seen in 2019, with growth of 34.9%.

Annual dynamics of production in Cuba in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(36.7%)	34.9%	(18.4%)	(11.3%)

Source: SHEV.io

Exports primary sugar crops from Cuba

Exports in kind, kg

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Cuba in kind, 2017-2020, kg

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	n/a	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, exports in kind were almost entirely directed to the Dominican Republic, which accounted for 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Cuba in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, $ US

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Cuba in value, 2017-2020, $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	n/a	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

Between 2017 and 2020, the Dominican Republic was the dominant and nearly exclusive market for Cuba's primary sugar crop exports in value terms, representing 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Cuba in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports primary sugar crops to Cuba

Imports in kind, kg

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Cuba in kind, 2017-2020, kg

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	n/a	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

During 2017–2020, imports in kind of primary sugar crops to Cuba were highly concentrated on Mexico, which accounted for 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Cuba in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, $ US

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Cuba in value, 2017-2020, $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	n/a	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, Mexico was overwhelmingly the main source for imports in value terms of primary sugar crops to Cuba, accounting for 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Cuba in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io