Market research

Paddy rice market in Indonesia

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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Earlier Report Observations

Paddy rice production in Indonesia declined from 59.2 million tonnes in 2018 to 54.0 million tonnes in 2023, with intermittent stabilization. The drop in 2019 was followed by a near-flat output in 2020 at 54.6 million tonnes, a slight dip in 2021, a minor recovery in 2022, and another decrease in 2023.

A key methodological shift occurred in 2018 with the nationwide implementation of the Sample Area Survey Framework, enhancing the accuracy of harvest area data. In March 2020, the government revised its purchase price for unhulled rice, providing direct price support to farmers and contributing to the stabilization of production. A further price adjustment in March 2023 aimed to influence farmer incentives amid fluctuating output.

In subsequent years, policy focus remained on boosting productivity through programs like UPSUS PAJALE, which subsidized inputs, and the expansion of water-saving irrigation technology. Regulatory updates, including a 2025 ministerial decree on agricultural modernization structures, underscored ongoing efforts to address constraints such as small farm scale and land degradation.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2025
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2025
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Indonesia
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Indonesia in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Indonesia in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Indonesia in kind, 2018-2025, t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Indonesia in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Indonesia, 2018-2025, $ US/kg
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/kg
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Indonesia in kind, 2018-2025, t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Indonesia in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Indonesia, 2018-2025, $ US/kg
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/kg
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Indonesia in kind, 2018-2025, t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Indonesia in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Indonesia, 2018-2025, $ US/kg
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/kg
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Indonesia in kind, 2018-2025, t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Indonesia in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Indonesia, 2018-2025, $ US/kg
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Indonesia by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/kg
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, K $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, K $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2025
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production paddy rice in Indonesia

In kind, 2018-2021, K t

Indonesia ranked third globally in paddy rice production from 2018 to 2021.

Top producers of paddy rice, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of paddy rice, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

In 2021, Indonesia produced 54 415 thousand tons of paddy rice, remaining nearly unchanged from the previous year. Over the 2018-2021 period, production declined by 8.1%, with a compound annual growth rate of 2.8%. The most significant decrease occurred in 2019 at 7.8%, while the largest increase was recorded in 2020 at 0.1%.

Annual dynamics of production in Indonesia in kind, 2018-2021, K t

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(7.8%)	0.1%	(0.4%)	(2.8%)

Source: SHEV.io

Exports paddy rice from Indonesia

Exports in kind, t

Paddy rice exports from Indonesia grew for the third consecutive year. In 2021, exports reached 43.1 tons, a 5.8% increase from the previous year. Between 2018 and 2021, exports surged by 1 878.6%, translating to an annualized growth rate of 170.5%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Indonesia in kind, 2018-2021, t

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	745.0%	121.3%	5.8%	170.5%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2018 to 2021, Brunei Darussalam dominated Indonesia's paddy rice exports in volume, consistently representing 90.5% of total shipments.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Indonesia in kind, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, K $ US

Indonesia's paddy rice exports in value terms expanded for the third year in a row. In 2021, exports totaled 466 thousand US dollars, marking a robust 11.3% rise compared to 2020. Between 2018 and 2021, export value soared by 2 567.4%, equivalent to an annualized rate of 198.8%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Indonesia in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	1 009.7%	116.0%	11.3%	198.8%

Source: SHEV.io

During 2018-2021, Indonesia's paddy rice exports in value were overwhelmingly concentrated in Brunei Darussalam, which accounted for 94.2% of total flows.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Indonesia in value, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Imports paddy rice to Indonesia

Imports in kind, t

The market exhibited volatility during these years. Imports reached their lowest point in 2020 at 25.2 tons, while the peak occurred in 2018, with a 9.1-fold difference between these extremes. In 2021, foreign paddy rice supplies to Indonesia amounted to 43.2 tons, a sharp 71.2% increase from the previous year. The largest decline was recorded in 2019 at 85.6%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Indonesia in kind, 2018-2021, t

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(85.6%)	(23.2%)	71.2%	(42.6%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2018 to 2021, China was the nearly exclusive source of paddy rice imports to Indonesia in volume, holding a 96.5% share of total imports.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Indonesia in kind, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, K $ US

Market behavior was marked by volatility in these years. Imports in value terms fell to their minimum in 2020 at 489 thousand US dollars, after peaking in 2018, with a 2.2-fold difference between these years. In 2021, Indonesia imported 854 thousand US dollars worth of paddy rice, showing a sudden 74.7% rise from 2020. The most significant decrease was in 2019 at 51.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Indonesia in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(51.1%)	(9.1%)	74.7%	(8.1%)

Source: SHEV.io

Over the 2018-2021 period, Indonesia's paddy rice imports in value were heavily reliant on a single market: China, which represented 97.5% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Indonesia in value, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io