Market research

Wood fuel market in Eswatini

Release date: Mar 30, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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File format: docx, xlsx

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Earlier Report Observations

In 2018, Eswatini's government launched pilot wood forest projects in areas with acute firewood shortages to boost supply and researched the market chain including potential vendor licensing. These initiatives supported a rise in wood fuel production to 1 939 thousand m³ in 2019, driving market volume up to 1 111 thousand m³.

The wood fuel market then contracted sharply to 865 thousand m³ in 2020, with production falling to 1 318 thousand m³. Over the following years, market volume showed a partial recovery, reaching 800 thousand m³ in 2023, as imports grew to supplement domestic output.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
  2. 4.1.2. In value
    1. 4.1.2.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.2.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.2.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.2.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Eswatini
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in kind, 2018-2023, K m³
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K m³
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K m³
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Exports
1. 6.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Exports in kind, K m³
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, K m³
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K m³
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/m³
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/m³
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/m³
2. 6.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Exports in kind, K m³
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, K m³
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K m³
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/m³
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/m³
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/m³
7. Imports
1. 7.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Imports in kind, K m³
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, K m³
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K m³
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/m³
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/m³
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/m³
2. 7.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Imports in kind, K m³
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, K m³
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K m³
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/m³
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/m³
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/m³
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, K m³
  2. 8.1.2. In value, K $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, K m³
  2. 8.2.2. In value, K $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production wood fuel in Eswatini

In kind, 2017-2020, K m³

Top producers of wood fuel, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of wood fuel, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Eswatini's wood fuel production volume declined after two years of growth. In 2019, production reached its peak at 1 939 K m³, but by 2020 it had fallen to 1 318 K m³, representing a 32.0% decrease from the previous year. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, production decreased by 24.9%, which translates to an annualized decline rate of 9.1%. The largest annual increase occurred in 2019, when production rose by 6.5%.

Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, K m³

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	3.8%	6.5%	(32.0%)	(9.1%)

Source: SHEV.io

In value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Eswatini's wood fuel production value declined following two years of increases. In 2019, output reached its highest point at 60 070 K $ US, but in 2020 it dropped to 39 893 K $ US, down 33.6% from the previous year. From 2017 to 2020, production value decreased by 18.5%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -6.6%. The largest annual increase was recorded in 2018, when value rose by 13.8%.

Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	13.8%	7.8%	(33.6%)	(6.6%)

Source: SHEV.io

Exports wood fuel from Eswatini

Exports in kind, K m³

Eswatini's wood fuel exports declined after two years of improvement. In 2019, exports peaked at 1 050 K m³, but by 2020 they had fallen to 705 K m³, marking a sharp decline of 32.8% from the previous year. Between 2017 and 2020, exports decreased by 26.6%, equating to an annualized decline rate of 9.8%. The largest annual increase occurred in 2019, when exports grew by 8.0%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, K m³

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	1.2%	8.0%	(32.8%)	(9.8%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, Eswatini's wood fuel exports in kind were highly concentrated, with South Africa accounting for 97.8% of total export flows.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, K $ US

Eswatini's wood fuel export value declined after two years of growth. In 2019, exports reached their maximum at 32 531 K $ US, but in 2020 they decreased to 21 346 K $ US, down 34.4% year-over-year. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, export value fell by 20.4%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -7.3%. The largest annual increase was recorded in 2018, when value rose by 11.0%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	11.0%	9.3%	(34.4%)	(7.3%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, South Africa was the primary destination for Eswatini's wood fuel exports in value terms, consistently absorbing 99.0% of total exports.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports wood fuel to Eswatini

Imports in kind, K m³

Eswatini's wood fuel imports in kind increased for the second consecutive year. In 2019, imports rose by 17.8%, and in 2020 they reached 705 K m³, up 13.8% from the previous year. However, over the period from 2017 to 2020, imports increased by only 4.4%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.4%. The lowest import volume was recorded in 2018 at 188 K m³, which represented a 22.1% decline from the previous year.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, K m³

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(22.1%)	17.8%	13.8%	1.4%

Source: SHEV.io

Throughout 2017 to 2020, South Africa remained the dominant and nearly exclusive source for Eswatini's wood fuel imports in kind, with a share of 100.0%.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, K $ US

Eswatini's wood fuel import value increased for the second consecutive year. In 2019, imports grew by 7.6%, and in 2020 they totaled 7 636 K $ US, up 4.7% from the previous year. However, over the period from 2017 to 2020, import value decreased by 2.8%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -0.9%. The lowest value was recorded in 2018 at 6 773 K $ US, which marked a 13.8% decline from the previous year.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(13.8%)	7.6%	4.7%	(0.9%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the partner base for Eswatini's wood fuel imports in value terms was extremely narrow, with South Africa alone responsible for 99.7% of total import flows.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io