Market research

Sorghum market in Eswatini

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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Earlier Report Observations

The sorghum market in Eswatini, measured as total supply, showed fluctuations between 2018 and 2020. Market volume peaked at 5 285 metric tons in 2020, driven entirely by a spike in imports, while domestic production remained steady at 1 000 metric tons annually.

From 2021 onward, the market entered a downward trend, contracting to 4 270 metric tons by 2023. This decline was primarily linked to climate-related challenges, including repeated dry spells and drought conditions in the region, which constrained sorghum availability and affected import flows. Concurrent economic pressures, such as rising inflation and supply chain disruptions, further dampened demand and contributed to reduced import volumes.

Throughout the period, the market was shaped by institutional factors like the import regulation by the National Maize Cooperation and NAMBoard, as well as the presence of seed producers like Pannar Seed supporting input supply. Traditional consumption of sorghum for beer and food remained a stable demand driver, while government campaigns promoted drought-resistant crops to enhance agricultural resilience.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Eswatini
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in kind, 2018-2023, t
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Exports
1. 6.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 6.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
7. Imports
1. 7.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 7.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, K $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, K $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production sorghum in Eswatini

In kind, 2017-2020, t

Top producers of sorghum, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of sorghum, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

In 2020, Eswatini produced 1 000 tons of sorghum, remaining virtually unchanged from 2019. The largest decline occurred in 2018, at 0.0%, while the largest increase was also recorded in 2018, at 0.0%.

Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	-	-	-	-

Source: SHEV.io

Exports sorghum from Eswatini

Exports in kind, t

In 2019, Eswatini exported 0.0 tons of sorghum, showing little to no change from the previous year. Between 2017 and 2019, exports decreased by 100%, which translates to an annualized rate of 95.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	n/a	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the structure of exports in kind was dominated by a single market: South Africa, accounting for 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, K $ US

In 2019, sorghum exports from Eswatini amounted to 0.0 thousand US dollars, with only marginal fluctuations compared to 2018. Over the period 2017-2019, exports decreased by 100%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 94.9%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	n/a	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, South Africa was the almost exclusive buyer of sorghum from Eswatini, taking 100.0% of total exports in value terms.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports sorghum to Eswatini

Imports in kind, t

During the period, import levels showed noticeable fluctuations, with a 1.9-fold difference between the low in 2017 and the high in 2020. In 2020, Eswatini's volume of sorghum imports reached 4 285 tons, marking a notable rise of 12.5% compared to 2019. The largest decline was recorded in 2019 at 0.9%, while the largest increase occurred in 2018 at 73.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	73.1%	(0.9%)	12.5%	24.5%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the country structure of imports in kind was highly concentrated, with South Africa alone accounting for 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, K $ US

In 2020, sorghum imports to Eswatini reached 1 095 thousand US dollars, representing a strong gain of 11.2% compared to 2019. Over the period 2017-2020, imports increased by 49.8%, with a CAGR of 14.4%. The largest decline was recorded in 2019 at 9.2%, while the largest increase occurred in 2018 at 48.3%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	48.3%	(9.2%)	11.2%	14.4%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the country structure of imports in value terms was highly concentrated, with South Africa alone accounting for 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io