Market research

Maize market in Venezuela

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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File format: docx, xlsx

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Earlier Report Observations

In 2018, the establishment of a maximum producer price for white and yellow maize likely influenced market dynamics, contributing to a contraction in both domestic output and imports the following year. By 2019, the total maize market volume had fallen to 1 983 thousand tonnes.

A sharp reversal occurred from 2020, with production climbing rapidly to 2 634 thousand tonnes by 2021. This growth was underpinned by public policies that reactivated national food production and, crucially, by the official declaration of maize as a 'war crop' in 2021, granting it special conditions and priority in the supply chain. These measures supported the domestic harvest while imports declined significantly.

From 2022, production stabilized around 2 600 thousand tonnes, reaching 2 759 thousand tonnes in 2023. Continued government intervention, including the adjustment of regulated prices and the creation of a special agricultural production zone in 2022, provided ongoing support. However, by 2023, reference prices set below production costs created profitability challenges for primary producers, even as increased private-sector participation in purchases, driven by lower international grain prices, helped sustain demand.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Venezuela
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Venezuela in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Venezuela in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Venezuela in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Venezuela in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Venezuela, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Venezuela in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Venezuela in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/kg
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Venezuela, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Venezuela in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Venezuela in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Venezuela, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Venezuela in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Venezuela in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/kg
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Venezuela, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Venezuela by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/kg
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, M $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, M $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production maize in Venezuela

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

Top producers of maize, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of maize, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Venezuela's maize production rebounded after two consecutive years of decline. In 2020, the country produced 1,636 thousand tons of maize, marking a significant year-over-year increase of 59.9%. Over the 2017-2020 period, production grew by 27.6%, with an average annual growth rate of 8.5%. The lowest production level was recorded in 2019 at 1,023 thousand tons, while the largest annual decline occurred in 2018 at 14.9%.

Annual dynamics of production in Venezuela in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(14.9%)	(6.3%)	59.9%	8.5%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports maize from Venezuela

Exports in kind, K t

Venezuela's maize exports in 2018 dropped to zero thousand tons, representing a sharp 90.4% reduction compared to the previous year.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Venezuela in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(90.4%)	n/a	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 through 2020, Curaçao dominated Venezuela's maize export destinations, accounting for 91.3% of total export volumes.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Venezuela in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, M $ US

Venezuela's maize export value in 2018 reached zero million US dollars, showing a dramatic 412.7% increase relative to the prior year.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Venezuela in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	412.7%	n/a	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

During 2017-2020, Guatemala (33.5% of export value), El Salvador (25.4%), and Colombia (24.8%) remained Venezuela's primary maize buyers in value terms, collectively representing 83.7% of total export value.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Venezuela in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports maize to Venezuela

Imports in kind, K t

Venezuela's maize imports recovered following two years of decline. In 2020, the country imported approximately 1,621 thousand tons of maize, representing a substantial 68.9% increase compared to the previous year. Over the 2017-2020 period, imports decreased by 18.3%, with an average annual decline of 6.5%. The lowest import volume was recorded in 2019 at 960 thousand tons, which also saw the largest annual decline of 31.7%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Venezuela in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(29.2%)	(31.7%)	68.9%	(6.5%)

Source: SHEV.io

Between 2017 and 2020, Mexico and the United States accounted for 88.2% of Venezuela's total maize import volumes, with the remaining share distributed among various other countries with smaller individual contributions.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Venezuela in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, M $ US

Venezuela's maize import value rebounded after two years of decline. In 2020, imports reached 309.5 million US dollars, showing a strong 55.4% increase versus the previous year. Over the 2017-2020 period, import value decreased by 18%, with an average annual decline of 6.4%. The lowest value was recorded in 2019 at 199.2 million US dollars, which also experienced the largest annual decline of 36.0%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Venezuela in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(17.5%)	(36.0%)	55.4%	(6.4%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, Mexico and the United States together represented 87.9% of Venezuela's total maize import value, while the remainder was spread across other markets with minimal individual shares.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Venezuela in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io