Market research

Hydrogen chloride market in Portugal

Release date: Mar 29, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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File format: docx, xlsx

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Earlier Report Observations

Between 2019 and 2024, the physical volume of the hydrogen chloride market in Portugal more than doubled, rising from 88.4 thousand tons to 180.2 thousand tons. Domestic production followed a similar trajectory, increasing from 124.7 thousand tons to 221.0 thousand tons, with the most significant expansion occurring after 2020.

The market environment saw regulatory updates starting in 2023. The EU Delegated Regulation 2024/197 amended the CLP classification and labeling rules, introducing new requirements for hydrochloric acid. That same year, the Chemical Industry Action Plan (Resolution No. 183/2021) came into effect, enforcing enhanced safety and traceability measures for chemical products. Further labeling changes under Delegated Regulation 2025/1222 were implemented in 2024, alongside stricter water quality parameters controlling hydrochloric acid residues.

In value terms, the market size grew from $10.8 million in 2019 to $13.2 million in 2024, despite a temporary contraction in 2022. Export revenues saw a substantial rise, peaking at $5.7 million in 2023. A spill incident at the Leixões port in 2025 underscored the ongoing focus on safe handling and transport procedures for the acid.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators
1. 4.1. In kind
  1. 4.1.1. Production, 2019-2020, 2022-2024
  2. 4.1.2. Imports, 2018-2025
  3. 4.1.3. Exports, 2018-2025
  4. 4.1.4. Market size, 2019-2020, 2022-2024
2. 4.2. In value
  1. 4.2.1. Production, 2019-2020, 2022-2024
  2. 4.2.2. Imports, 2018-2025
  3. 4.2.3. Exports, 2018-2025
  4. 4.2.4. Market size, 2019-2020, 2022-2024
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Portugal
  1. 5.1.1. In kind, 2019-2020, 2022-2024, K t
  2. 5.1.2. In value, 2019-2020, 2022-2024, K $ US
2. 5.2. Production in the EU, 2018-2024
  1. 5.2.1. In kind, 2018-2024, K t
  2. 5.2.2. In value, 2018-2024, K $ US
6. Exports
1. 6.1. Exports (Direct Data)
  1. 6.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Portugal in kind, 2018-2025, t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 6.1.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Portugal in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Portugal, 2018-2025, $ US/t
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/t
2. 6.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Portugal in kind, 2018-2025, t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 6.2.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Portugal in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Portugal, 2018-2025, $ US/t
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/t
7. Imports
1. 7.1. Imports (Direct Data)
  1. 7.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Portugal in kind, 2018-2025, t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 7.1.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Portugal in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Portugal, 2018-2025, $ US/t
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/t
2. 7.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Portugal in kind, 2018-2025, t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 7.2.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Portugal in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Portugal, 2018-2025, $ US/t
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Portugal by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/t
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, K $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, K $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2025
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production hydrogen chloride in Portugal

In value, 2018-2021, K $ US

In 2020, Portugal's hydrogen chloride output was valued at 11 327 thousand US dollars, representing a 5.0% increase compared to the previous year.

Annual dynamics of production in Portugal in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	5.0%	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

In kind, 2018-2021, K t

Portugal produced 120.2 thousand tonnes of hydrogen chloride in 2020, which marked a 3.6% decrease from the year before.

Annual dynamics of production in Portugal in kind, 2018-2021, K t

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	n/a	(3.6%)	n/a	-

Source: SHEV.io

Exports hydrogen chloride from Portugal

Exports in kind, t

The market exhibited volatility during this period. Exports reached their lowest point in 2020 at 31 908 tonnes, then peaked in 2021 at 55 951 tonnes, representing a 1.8-fold difference between these years. The 2021 volume showed a substantial 75.4% increase over 2020, while the largest decline of 25.3% occurred in 2020.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Portugal in kind, 2018-2021, t

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(5.0%)	(25.3%)	75.4%	7.6%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2018 to 2021, Spain was the nearly exclusive buyer of hydrogen chloride from Portugal, accounting for 99.1% of total exports in volume terms.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Portugal in kind, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, K $ US

The market demonstrated volatility throughout the observed period. Export values bottomed out in 2018, then peaked in 2021 at 2 198 thousand US dollars, showing a 1.8-fold difference between these years. The 2021 value represented a significant 77.8% increase over the previous year, while the largest decline of 9.4% was recorded in 2020.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Portugal in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	11.2%	(9.4%)	77.8%	21.4%

Source: SHEV.io

Between 2018 and 2021, Spain dominated as the primary buyer of hydrogen chloride from Portugal, representing 89.1% of total export value, with other countries accounting for the remainder.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Portugal in value, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Imports hydrogen chloride to Portugal

Imports in kind, t

Portugal's hydrogen chloride imports declined for the second consecutive year, reaching 5 385 tonnes in 2021, down 15.1% from 2020. Over the 2018-2021 period, imports grew by 20.1%, equivalent to a 6.3% compound annual growth rate. The peak volume of 6 405 tonnes was recorded in 2019, which also saw the largest increase of 42.8%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Portugal in kind, 2018-2021, t

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	42.8%	(1.0%)	(15.1%)	6.3%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2018 to 2021, Spain served as the main supplier of hydrogen chloride to Portugal, accounting for 87.1% of total import volume, while other partners held relatively modest shares.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Portugal in kind, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, K $ US

Portugal's hydrogen chloride import values increased for the third consecutive year, reaching an unspecified amount in 2021 with a 15.0% improvement from 2020. Between 2018 and 2021, import values grew by 53.4%, representing a 15.3% annualized growth rate.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Portugal in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	32.9%	0.4%	15.0%	15.3%

Source: SHEV.io

During 2018-2021, Spain (65.4% of import value), Sweden (12.8%), and Belgium (10.1%) were the primary suppliers of hydrogen chloride to Portugal, collectively representing 88.3% of total import value.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Portugal in value, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io