Garlic market in Poland

Earlier Report Observations

The Polish fresh garlic market expanded from 24 thousand tons in 2018 to a peak of 37 thousand tons in 2021. This growth was driven by a significant increase in domestic cultivation, with planted area rising notably from 2020 onward and reaching its highest point in 2022, which boosted local production volumes. Throughout this period, the market structure was shaped by restrictive EU tariff quotas on imports, particularly aimed at cheaper Chinese garlic, and a reliance on supplies from Spain.

Following the 2021 peak, the market volume contracted to 29 thousand tons by 2023. Domestic production remained substantial at around 20 thousand tons, supported by the previously expanded cultivation base. The market during this phase was characterized by sustained high demand and rising consumer prices, which increased by 10–15% in 2023. This price growth was linked to a shift toward higher-quality products and consumer trends favoring convenience, such as peeled and vacuum-packed garlic, as well as growing interest in organic produce. By 2024, the market was described as oversupplied, maintaining price levels close to profitability despite stable international demand.

Production garlic in Poland

In kind, 2017-2020, t

Top producers of garlic, 2017-2020

World map of production of garlic, 2017-2020

The market showed noticeable fluctuations during this period. The lowest point was recorded in 2017, while production peaked in 2018, with a {ampRatio}× gap between these years. In 2020, Poland produced 15 300 tonnes of garlic, representing a 1.3% increase compared to the previous year. The highest production volume was achieved in 2018 at 15 830 tonnes. The largest decline occurred in 2019, when production fell by 4.6%.

Annual dynamics of production in Poland in kind, 2017-2020, t

In value, 2017-2020, K $ US

The market displayed an unstable trend throughout this timeframe. Import levels varied significantly, with the lowest point in 2017 and the highest in 2019, showing a {ampRatio}× difference. In 2020, the value of garlic output in Poland was 36 639 thousand US dollars, down by 6.1% from 2019. The maximum value was recorded in 2019 at 38 999 thousand US dollars. The largest increase also occurred in 2019, when the value rose by 16.1%.

Annual dynamics of production in Poland in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Exports garlic from Poland

Exports in kind, t

Poland's garlic export volume has increased for the third consecutive year. In 2020, the country exported 2 463 tonnes of garlic, marking a sharp year-on-year rise of 59.0%. Between 2017 and 2020, exports grew by 245.2%, which translates to an annualized rate of 51.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Poland in kind, 2017-2020, t

From 2017 to 2020, the largest share of garlic exports in volume terms went to Czechia (42.4%), the Netherlands (33.2%), and the United Kingdom (12.7%). Together, these three countries accounted for 88.4% of total export flows.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's exports from Poland in kind, 2017-2020

Exports in value, K $ US

Garlic deliveries from Poland have increased for the third year in a row. In 2020, exports amounted to 5 899 thousand US dollars, up by 47.4% from 2019. Between 2017 and 2020, exports rose by 262%, equating to an annualized growth rate of 53.5%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Poland in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Between 2017 and 2020, the leading destinations for garlic exports from Poland in value terms were Czechia (40.0%), the Netherlands (36.3%), and the United Kingdom (12.4%). Collectively, these markets represented 88.6% of total export flows.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's exports from Poland in value, 2017-2020

Imports garlic to Poland

Imports in kind, t

Poland's garlic import volume has grown for the third consecutive year. In 2020, the country imported 13 563 tonnes of garlic, equivalent to a significant 16.8% increase from the previous year. From 2017 to 2020, imports increased by 96.3%, which corresponds to an annualized rate of 25.2%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Poland in kind, 2017-2020, t

From 2017 to 2020, the main sources of garlic imports to Poland in volume terms were Spain (58.1%), Egypt (19.2%), and China (10.4%). Together, these three countries made up 87.7% of total import flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's imports to Poland in kind, 2017-2020

Imports in value, K $ US

Poland's garlic import volume has risen for the third year in a row. In 2020, imports totaled 31 158 thousand US dollars, showing a strong 64.7% increase compared to 2019. Between 2017 and 2020, imports grew by 131%, representing an annualized rate of 32.2%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Poland in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Throughout the period from 2017 to 2020, Spain (58.6%), Egypt (11.2%), and China (10.5%) formed the core group of markets for garlic imports to Poland in value terms. Together, they accounted for 80.3% of total import flows.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's imports to Poland in value, 2017-2020