Carbon dioxide market in Russia

Earlier Report Observations

The Russian carbon dioxide market showed moderate growth in 2018-2019, supported by a general increase in industrial gas production. Plans to build two new carbon dioxide stations in the Northwestern Federal District laid the groundwork for future capacity expansion. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a partial reallocation of production resources toward medical oxygen, temporarily reducing the availability of carbon dioxide for other sectors, although demand from the food industry remained firm.

A phase of accelerated growth began in 2021. Carbon dioxide production surged by over 30% that year, driven by earlier infrastructure investments and rising self-sufficiency of the domestic market. In 2022, the exit of major international players such as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo from Russia created additional demand for locally produced carbon dioxide in the food industry, further supporting market volume expansion.

From 2023 through 2025, production and market volume continued to rise steadily. Output reached 1 649 K t in 2024 and increased to 1 911 K t in 2025, demonstrating sustained growth without major disruptive events.

Production carbon dioxide in Russia

In kind, 2018-2021, K t

In 2021, Russia produced 1 346 K t of carbon dioxide, marking a sharp increase of 36.6% compared to the previous year. Over the period from 2018 to 2021, production grew by 34%, with a compound annual growth rate of 10.2%. The lowest production level was recorded in 2020 at 985 K t, which saw the largest decline of 2.7% during this timeframe.

Annual dynamics of production in Russia in kind, 2018-2021, K t

Exports carbon dioxide from Russia

Exports in kind, t

In 2021, Russia's cross-border shipments of carbon dioxide reached 13 165 t, showing a robust uptick of 11.9% from the year before. From 2018 to 2021, exports decreased by 3.1%, with a compound annual growth rate of 1.1%. The minimum export volume was recorded in 2020 at 11 766 t, while the maximum was in 2019 at 13 610 t. The largest decline occurred in 2020, with a drop of 13.5%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Russia in kind, 2018-2021, t

Between 2018 and 2021, Kazakhstan and Ukraine were the dominant buyers of carbon dioxide from Russia, together accounting for 88.6% of total exports in kind. Other partners contributed less significantly to the overall export volume.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

World map of product's exports from Russia in kind, 2018-2021

Exports in value, K $ US

After a two-year decline, Russia's carbon dioxide exports increased in 2021, reaching 2 139 K $ US, which is 4.9% higher than the prior year. From 2018 to 2021, exports decreased by 19.5%, equating to an annualized rate of 7.0%. The lowest value was recorded in 2020 at 2 039 K $ US, with the largest decline of 22.8% occurring that year.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Russia in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

From 2018 to 2021, Kazakhstan and Ukraine dominated Russia's carbon dioxide exports in value terms, together making up 82.2% of total flows. Other destinations had smaller individual contributions to the export value.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2021

World map of product's exports from Russia in value, 2018-2021

Imports carbon dioxide to Russia

Imports in kind, t

Imported carbon dioxide volumes in Russia declined for the second consecutive year in 2021, amounting to 7 839 t, which represents a strong reduction of 11.0% from the previous year. The maximum import volume was recorded in 2019 at 9 758 t, with the largest increase of 25.5% occurring that year.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Russia in kind, 2018-2021, t

Throughout 2018 to 2021, Lithuania, Estonia, and Belarus were the key partners for Russia's carbon dioxide imports in kind. Lithuania accounted for 38.8% of imports, Estonia for 34.6%, and Belarus for 10.0%, together making up 83.4% of total import flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

World map of product's imports to Russia in kind, 2018-2021

Imports in value, K $ US

In 2021, Russia's carbon dioxide imports amounted to 3 004 K $ US, showing an abrupt rise of 36.4% compared to 2020. Over the period from 2018 to 2021, imports increased by 66.7%, with a compound annual growth rate of 18.6%. The largest decline was recorded in 2020 at 17.9%, while the largest increase occurred in 2019 at 48.7%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Russia in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

Between 2018 and 2021, Asia (not elsewhere specified), Estonia, and Lithuania were the main destinations for carbon dioxide imports to Russia in value terms. Asia accounted for 28.6% of imports, Estonia for 16.4%, and Lithuania for 12.8%, together representing 57.8% of total import value.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2021

World map of product's imports to Russia in value, 2018-2021