Capsicum and pimenta fruits market in Madagascar

Earlier Report Observations

The market for fresh capsicum and pimenta fruits in Madagascar began the period under a new framework with the 2018 food safety law, which established sanitary and hygiene standards across the entire food value chain. This regulatory foundation coincided with stable market volumes around 413 t in 2018-2019. A significant shift occurred in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global supply chains, which likely boosted local production and contributed to a sharp market expansion to 471 t that year.

Following the pandemic peak, the market adjusted to 442 t in 2021. It then resumed growth, reaching 475 t in 2022 and 510 t in 2023. During this phase, rising fertilizer costs increased production expenses for vegetables, putting upward pressure on consumer prices for capsicum and pimenta fruits. Despite these cost pressures, overall market volume continued its upward trend through 2023.

In 2024, the broader economic environment saw the creation of hundreds of new companies, reflecting improved business dynamics. Government measures to stabilize prices of essential goods and high import duties of up to 200% on fresh fruits and vegetables continued to shape market conditions, favoring domestic production and supporting the local market structure.

Production capsicum and pimenta fruits in Madagascar

In kind, 2017-2020, t

Top producers of capsicum and pimenta fruits, 2017-2020

World map of production of capsicum and pimenta fruits, 2017-2020

In 2020, Madagascar produced 501.4 tons of capsicum and pimenta fruits, showing a modest increase of 7.2% compared to 2019. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, production grew by 15%, which translates to an average annual growth rate of 4.8%. The largest decline occurred in 2019, with a decrease of 0.2%, while the most significant increase was recorded in 2018 at 7.5%.

Annual dynamics of production in Madagascar in kind, 2017-2020, t

Exports capsicum and pimenta fruits from Madagascar

Exports in kind, kg

Market performance showed noticeable fluctuations during this period. Export volumes peaked in 2018 and then fell to their lowest point in 2020, with the highest volume being 2.1 times greater than the lowest. In 2020, Madagascar's exports of capsicum and pimenta fruits amounted to 30 189 kg, a decline of 45.1% from 2019. The maximum volume was recorded in 2018 at 64 428 kg, with the largest increase that year reaching 70.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Madagascar in kind, 2017-2020, kg

From 2017 to 2020, France accounted for 84.4% of Madagascar's total exports of capsicum and pimenta fruits in kind, with the remaining flows distributed among various smaller trading partners.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's exports from Madagascar in kind, 2017-2020

Exports in value, K $ US

After two years of growth, the value of exported capsicum and pimenta fruits from Madagascar declined. In 2020, exports totaled 101.0 thousand US dollars, marking a decrease of 37.2% year-over-year. Between 2017 and 2020, exports fell by 24.4%, equivalent to an average annual decline of 8.9%. The highest value was recorded in 2019 at 160.7 thousand US dollars, while the largest increase occurred in 2018 at 12.3%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Madagascar in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

During 2017–2020, Madagascar's capsicum and pimenta fruit exports were primarily directed towards France, which held a 97.0% share of total export value.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's exports from Madagascar in value, 2017-2020

Imports capsicum and pimenta fruits to Madagascar

Imports in kind, kg

Market behavior was characterized by volatility during these years. Imports reached their peak in 2018 and then dropped to their lowest point in 2019, with an eightfold difference between these two years. In 2019, foreign supplies of capsicum and pimenta fruits to Madagascar totaled 1 020 kg, representing a sharp contraction of 87.6% compared to the previous year. The maximum volume was recorded in 2018 at 8 207 kg, with the largest increase that year at 447.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Madagascar in kind, 2017-2020, kg

From 2017 to 2020, Sudan and the United Arab Emirates were the dominant sources for Madagascar's imports of capsicum and pimenta fruits in kind, together accounting for 86.0% of total flows, while the remainder was spread across other markets.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's imports to Madagascar in kind, 2017-2020

Imports in value, K $ US

Market performance exhibited noticeable fluctuations during this period. Imports varied significantly, with an 11.6-fold difference between the high in 2018 and the low in 2017. In 2019, Madagascar's imports of capsicum and pimenta fruits amounted to 1.7 thousand US dollars, which is 85.4% lower than the previous year. The maximum value was recorded in 2018 at 11.9 thousand US dollars, with the largest increase that year reaching 1 064.2%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Madagascar in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Over 2017–2020, Sudan and the United Arab Emirates consistently represented 93.0% of Madagascar's total import value for capsicum and pimenta fruits, indicating a high level of concentration alongside a diverse range of smaller markets.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's imports to Madagascar in value, 2017-2020