Market research

Wood fuel market in Bhutan

Release date: Mar 30, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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Earlier Report Observations

The wood fuel market in Bhutan has been shaped by the country's ongoing reliance on traditional energy sources. Rural populations continue to depend primarily on firewood for cooking and heating, as access to electricity remains limited despite grid expansion efforts. Fuelwood is also widely used in public institutions such as monasteries and the armed forces, accounting for a significant portion of non-household consumption.

Market volume for wood fuel grew gradually from 5 427 thousand m³ in 2018 to 5 555 thousand m³ in 2023. The most notable increase occurred in 2021, when the market reached 5 592 thousand m³, a 2.5% rise from the previous year. This was followed by a slight stabilization in 2022 and 2023. The persistent demand is underpinned by economic constraints and infrastructure gaps in rural areas, which make wood fuel a more accessible option compared to alternatives like LPG or electricity.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2025
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2025
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Bhutan
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Bhutan in kind, 2018-2023, K m³
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Bhutan in value, 2018-2023, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K m³
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K m³
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, K m³
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Bhutan in kind, 2018-2025, K m³
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, K m³
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Bhutan in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/m³
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Bhutan, 2018-2025, $ US/m³
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/m³
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, K m³
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Bhutan in kind, 2018-2025, K m³
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, K m³
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Bhutan in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/m³
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Bhutan, 2018-2025, $ US/m³
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/m³
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, K m³
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Bhutan in kind, 2018-2025, K m³
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, K m³
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Bhutan in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/m³
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Bhutan, 2018-2025, $ US/m³
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/m³
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, K m³
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Bhutan in kind, 2018-2025, K m³
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, K m³
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2025
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Bhutan in value, 2018-2025, K $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, K $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2025
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/m³
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Bhutan, 2018-2025, $ US/m³
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Bhutan by countries, 2018-2025, $ US/m³
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, K m³
  2. 8.1.2. In value, K $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, K m³
  2. 8.2.2. In value, K $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2025
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production wood fuel in Bhutan

In kind, 2018-2021, K m³

Top producers of wood fuel, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of wood fuel, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Bhutan's wood fuel production has increased for the third consecutive year. In 2021, the country produced 5 358 K m³ of wood fuel, representing a 0.7% increase from the previous year. Over the period from 2018 to 2021, production grew by 2.3%, with a compound annual growth rate of 0.8%.

Annual dynamics of production in Bhutan in kind, 2018-2021, K m³

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	0.8%	0.8%	0.7%	0.8%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports wood fuel from Bhutan

Exports in kind, K m³

After two years of growth, wood fuel exports from Bhutan declined in 2021. The country exported 10.2 K m³ of wood fuel, which was down by 54.6% compared to 2020. Between 2018 and 2021, exports decreased by 11.6%, with a compound annual growth rate of 4.0%. The highest export volume was recorded in 2020 at 22.4 K m³, while the largest increase occurred in 2019 with a 55.8% rise.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Bhutan in kind, 2018-2021, K m³

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	55.8%	24.9%	(54.6%)	(4.0%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2018 to 2021, Bhutan's wood fuel exports were entirely dependent on India, which accounted for 100.0% of total export volumes.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Bhutan in kind, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, K $ US

Wood fuel exports from Bhutan declined for the second consecutive year in 2021. The country exported 233 K $ US of wood fuel, marking a 15.4% decrease from 2020. Over the 2018-2021 period, exports fell by 57.8%, with a compound annual growth rate of 25.0%. The peak value was recorded in 2019 at 776 K $ US. The largest decline occurred in 2020 with a 64.5% drop, while the largest increase was in 2019 with a 40.6% rise.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Bhutan in value, 2018-2021, K $ US

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	40.6%	(64.5%)	(15.4%)	(25.0%)

Source: SHEV.io

Between 2018 and 2021, Bhutan's wood fuel exports in value terms were almost exclusively directed to India, which absorbed 100.0% of total export value.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Bhutan in value, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Imports wood fuel to Bhutan

Imports in kind, K m³

Following a two-year decline, wood fuel imports into Bhutan increased in 2021. The import volume reached 244.5 K m³, showing a significant 56.5% improvement compared to the previous year. From 2018 to 2021, imports grew by 20.9%, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.5%. The lowest import volume was recorded in 2020 at 156.2 K m³, while the largest decline occurred in 2019 with a 13.4% decrease.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Bhutan in kind, 2018-2021, K m³

Parameter		2019	2020	2021	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(13.4%)	(10.9%)	56.5%	6.5%

Source: SHEV.io

During 2018-2021, Bhutan's wood fuel imports in kind were dominated by a single market: India, which held a 100.0% share of total import flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Bhutan in kind, 2018-2021

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, K $ US

Bhutan's wood fuel imports increased for the second consecutive year in 2021. The country imported 34 955 K $ US of wood fuel, which was 28.8% higher than the previous year. Between 2018 and 2021, imports rose by 6.6%, equating to an annualized rate of 2.1%. The lowest value was recorded in 2019 at 26 922 K $ US, which also saw the largest decline of 17.9%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Bhutan in value, 2018-2021, K $ US