Wheat and meslin market in Poland

Earlier Report Observations

The Polish wheat and meslin market volume grew from 8.5 million tonnes in 2018 to a peak of 10.5 million tonnes in 2022, supported by a steady increase in domestic production which reached 13.2 million tonnes that year.

In 2023, market volume contracted sharply by 35% to 6.8 million tonnes, as exports surged to 7.0 million tonnes, significantly reducing the volume available for domestic consumption.

Regulatory changes in 2024 included a shift in grain subsidies from a per-tonne to a per-hectare basis and a new law linking agricultural lease payments to a wheat equivalent, altering production cost structures and land-use decisions.

Production wheat and meslin in Poland

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

From 2017 to 2020, Poland maintained the 16th position globally in terms of wheat and meslin production volume.

Top producers of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

World map of production of wheat and meslin, 2017-2020

Poland's wheat and meslin production has grown for the second year in a row. In 2020, the country produced 12 515 K t of wheat and meslin, marking a 15.8% increase compared to 2019. Over the 2017-2020 period, production rose by 7.3%, with an average annual growth rate of 2.4%. The lowest production level was recorded in 2018 at 9 638 K t, which represented the largest decline of 17.4% during this timeframe.

Annual dynamics of production in Poland in kind, 2017-2020, K t

In value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Poland's wheat and meslin production value has increased for the second consecutive year. In 2020, the output was valued at 2 792 M $ US, up by 24.5% from 2019. Between 2017 and 2020, production value grew by 21.8%, translating to an annualized rate of 6.8%. The minimum value occurred in 2018 at 2 177 M $ US, with the largest drop of 5.0% recorded that same year.

Annual dynamics of production in Poland in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Exports wheat and meslin from Poland

Exports in kind, K t

The market showed an unstable trend over the period. Exports reached their lowest point in 2018 at 1 790 K t and peaked in 2020 at 4 689 K t, representing a 2.6-fold difference. In 2020, Poland exported 4 689 K t of wheat and meslin, a sharp increase of 125.5% compared to the previous year. The largest decline was recorded in 2018 at 34.8%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Poland in kind, 2017-2020, K t

From 2017 to 2020, the main destinations for Poland's wheat and meslin exports in kind were Saudi Arabia (30.8% of exports), Germany (20.2%), and South Africa (8.5%). Together, these three countries accounted for 59.5% of total export flows.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's exports from Poland in kind, 2017-2020

Exports in value, M $ US

The market displayed an unstable trend throughout the timeframe. Exports in value terms hit their lowest point in 2018 at 404 M $ US and peaked in 2020 at 1 046 M $ US, a 2.6-fold difference. In 2020, the value of wheat and meslin exports from Poland reached 1 046 M $ US, showing a significant gain of 142.4% from the previous year. The largest decline occurred in 2018 at 25.0%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Poland in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

From 2017 to 2020, Saudi Arabia (31.0% of exports in value terms), Germany (19.9%), and South Africa (8.5%) remained the primary destinations for Poland's wheat and meslin exports by value. Collectively, they represented 59.3% of total export flows.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's exports from Poland in value, 2017-2020

Imports wheat and meslin to Poland

Imports in kind, K t

After two years of decline, wheat and meslin imports into Poland increased. In 2020, imports amounted to 869 K t, up by 56.9% from the previous year. Over the 2017-2020 period, imports grew by 22.7%, with an average annual growth rate of 7.1%. The minimum value was recorded in 2019 at 554 K t, while the largest decline of 11.8% occurred in 2018.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Poland in kind, 2017-2020, K t

From 2017 to 2020, Slovakia (41.2% of imports in kind), Czechia (34.2%), and Germany (9.7%) were the main sources of wheat and meslin imports into Poland. Together, they accounted for 85.0% of total import flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's imports to Poland in kind, 2017-2020

Imports in value, M $ US

In 2020, wheat and meslin imports into Poland totaled 173 M $ US, a 50.2% increase from the previous year. Over the 2017-2020 period, imports rose by 37%, with an average annual growth rate of 11.1%. The minimum value was recorded in 2019 at 115 M $ US, which also saw the largest decline of 12.3%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Poland in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

From 2017 to 2020, Slovakia (38.1% of imports in value terms), Czechia (33.8%), and Germany (10.6%) continued to be the main suppliers of wheat and meslin to Poland. Together, they formed 82.5% of total imports by value.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's imports to Poland in value, 2017-2020