Market research

Coal market in Eswatini

Release date: Mar 30, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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Earlier Report Observations

Eswatini's coal market volume expanded overall between 2018 and 2022, rising from 105.7 to 128.5 thousand tons. This growth was interrupted by a dip in 2021, but the market recovered the following year. Domestic production showed a similar pattern, ending the period at 215.6 thousand tons in 2022 after a low point in 2019.

The trade balance shifted markedly towards exports by 2024. While imports peaked in 2023 at 264.4 thousand tons before falling sharply, exports surged to 480 thousand tons in 2024. This export growth aligned with a record-high global coal demand that year, driven by increased consumption in major emerging economies.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2022
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2022
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in Eswatini
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in kind, 2018-2022, K t
  2. 5.1.2. Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in value, 2018-2022, $ US
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2022
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2022, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2022
  3. 5.2.3. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2022
6. Exports
1. 6.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 6.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Exports in kind, K t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Exports in value, K $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
7. Imports
1. 7.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 7.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Imports in kind, K t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2018-2024, K t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Imports in value, K $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2018-2024, K $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, K $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Eswatini by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, K $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, K t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, K $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production coal in Eswatini

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

Top producers of coal, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of coal, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Coal production in Eswatini increased after a two-year decline. In 2019, production reached its lowest point at 109.9 thousand tons, but then rose by 47.2% to 161.8 thousand tons in 2020. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, production decreased by 20%, which translates to an annualized decline of 7.2%. The largest year-on-year drop occurred in 2018, when production fell by 28.6%.

Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(28.6%)	(23.9%)	47.2%	(7.2%)

Source: SHEV.io

In value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Eswatini's coal production value increased after two years of losses. In 2019, it hit a low of 15 033 thousand US dollars, but then surged by 30.6% to 19 640 thousand US dollars in 2020. From 2017 to 2020, production value decreased by 6.3%, averaging an annual decline of 2.1%. The largest decrease was recorded in 2019, when it fell by 18.2%.

Annual dynamics of production in Eswatini in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(12.3%)	(18.2%)	30.6%	(2.1%)

Source: SHEV.io

Exports coal from Eswatini

Exports in kind, K t

Coal exports from Eswatini increased after a two-year contraction. In 2019, exports were at their minimum of 122.0 thousand tons, but then jumped by 34.0% to 163.5 thousand tons in 2020. Between 2017 and 2020, exports decreased by 20.5%, with an annualized rate of decline of 7.3%. The steepest drop occurred in 2018, when exports fell by 29.8%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(29.8%)	(15.5%)	34.0%	(7.3%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, South Africa was the sole destination for Eswatini's coal exports in kind, accounting for 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, K $ US

Eswatini's coal export value increased after a two-year drop. In 2019, it reached a low of 16 685 thousand US dollars, but then grew by 19.0% to 19 856 thousand US dollars in 2020. Over the 2017-2020 period, export value decreased by 6.8%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -2.3%. The largest decline was in 2018, when it fell by 13.7%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2017-2020, K $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(13.7%)	(9.3%)	19.0%	(2.3%)

Source: SHEV.io

During 2017-2020, the export structure in value terms showed complete reliance on South Africa, which absorbed 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from Eswatini in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports coal to Eswatini

Imports in kind, K t

Coal imports into Eswatini increased for the third consecutive year. In 2020, imports rose by 14.0% compared to 2019, though the specific volume for 2020 is not provided. From 2017 to 2020, imports grew by 51.6%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.9%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	18.6%	12.1%	14.0%	14.9%

Source: SHEV.io

Between 2017 and 2020, South Africa was overwhelmingly the main source for coal imports into Eswatini in kind, making up 100.0% of total flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to Eswatini in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, K $ US

Coal import volumes into Eswatini declined after a two-year increase. In 2019, imports peaked at 9 408 thousand US dollars, but then remained broadly stable in 2020 at 9 393 thousand US dollars. Over the 2017-2020 period, import value increased by 28.6%, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.8%. The largest increase was in 2018, when it rose by 24.9%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Eswatini in value, 2017-2020, K $ US