Market research

Cloves market in South-eastern Asia

Release date: Mar 28, 2026

Submission: 15 minutes after payment

Research period: 2017-2025

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File format: docx, xlsx

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"South-eastern Asia" region includes following countries:

Brunei Darussalam

Myanmar

Cambodia

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

the Philippines

Timor-Leste

Singapore

Vietnam

Thailand

Earlier Report Observations

The cloves market in South-eastern Asia showed considerable fluctuation between 2018 and 2023. Market volume began at 134.5 thousand tons in 2018, then contracted to 109.5 thousand tons by 2020. A strong recovery followed, peaking at 164.3 thousand tons in 2022, before receding to 149.5 thousand tons in 2023. Regional production followed a similar volatile path, rising to 146.2 thousand tons in 2020 then declining over the next three years.

In 2024, significant factors emerged that shaped market conditions. Poor weather led to substantially reduced clove crop yields in Indonesia and Madagascar, tightening global supply. Concurrently, Philip Morris International expanded its operations in Indonesia, adapting production and marketing for kretek cigarettes, which bolstered demand for cloves within the region.

Table of content

1. Disclaimer
2. Terms of use of the report
3. Product codes in the statistical classifications used in the report
4. Key Market Indicators and Trends
1. 4.1. Key Market Indicators
  1. 4.1.1. In kind
    1. 4.1.1.1. Production, 2018-2023
    2. 4.1.1.2. Imports, 2018-2024
    3. 4.1.1.3. Exports, 2018-2024
    4. 4.1.1.4. Market size, 2018-2023
2. 4.2. Market Trends and Factors
5. Production
1. 5.1. Production in South-eastern Asia
  1. 5.1.1. Annual dynamics of production in South-eastern Asia in kind, 2018-2023, K t
2. 5.2. Global production by Country, 2018-2023
  1. 5.2.1. Annual dynamics of production by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  2. 5.2.2. Dynamics of production structure by macroregions in kind, 2018-2023
  3. 5.2.3. Annual dynamics of production by country in kind, 2018-2023, K t
  4. 5.2.4. Structure of production by countries in kind, 2018-2023
  5. 5.2.5. Dynamics of peoduction structure by countries in kind, 2018-2023
6. Imports
1. 6.1. Imports (Direct Data*)
  1. 6.1.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.1.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 6.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Brunei Darussalam in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 6.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 6.1.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.1.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Brunei Darussalam in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.1.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.1.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 6.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Brunei Darussalam, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 6.2. Imports (Mirror Data)
  1. 6.2.1. Imports - Total information
  2. 6.2.2. Imports in kind, t
    1. 6.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Brunei Darussalam in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 6.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's imports in kind to Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 6.2.2.3. Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 6.2.3. Imports in value, M $ US
    1. 6.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's imports to Brunei Darussalam in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 6.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's imports in value to Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 6.2.3.3. Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 6.2.4. Average price of product's imports, $ US/t
    1. 6.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's imports to Brunei Darussalam, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 6.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's imports to Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
7. Exports
1. 7.1. Exports (Direct Data*)
  1. 7.1.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.1.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 7.1.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Brunei Darussalam in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 7.1.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 7.1.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.1.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.1.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Brunei Darussalam in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.1.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.1.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.1.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 7.1.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Brunei Darussalam, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.1.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
2. 7.2. Exports (Mirror Data)
  1. 7.2.1. Exports - Total information
  2. 7.2.2. Exports in kind, t
    1. 7.2.2.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Brunei Darussalam in kind, 2018-2024, t
    2. 7.2.2.2. Dynamics of product's exports in kind from Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, t
    3. 7.2.2.3. Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2018-2024
  3. 7.2.3. Exports in value, M $ US
    1. 7.2.3.1. Annual dynamics of product's exports from Brunei Darussalam in value, 2018-2024, M $ US
    2. 7.2.3.2. Dynamics of product's exports in value from Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, M $ US
    3. 7.2.3.3. Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2018-2024
  4. 7.2.4. Average price of product's exports, $ US/t
    1. 7.2.4.1. Annual dynamics of average price of product's exports from Brunei Darussalam, 2018-2024, $ US/t
    2. 7.2.4.2. Dynamics of average price of product's exports from Brunei Darussalam by countries, 2018-2024, $ US/t
8. Trade balance
1. 8.1. Trade balance (Direct Data)
  1. 8.1.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.1.2. In value, M $ US
2. 8.2. Trade balance (Mirror Data)
  1. 8.2.1. In kind, t
  2. 8.2.2. In value, M $ US
9. Top buying and selling countries, 2018-2024
1. 9.1. Direct Data
  1. 9.1.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.1.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers
2. 9.2. Mirror Data
  1. 9.2.1. Import in Value by Countries-buyers
  2. 9.2.2. Export in Value by Countries-suppliers

Production cloves in South-eastern Asia

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

Top producers of cloves, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of production of cloves, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Cloves production in South-eastern Asia has increased for the third year in a row. In 2020, the region produced 146.2 thousand tonnes of cloves, marking a measured rise of 3.7% compared to 2019. Looking at the period from 2017 to 2020, production grew by 28.9%, which translates to an annual growth rate of 8.8%.

Annual dynamics of production in South-eastern Asia in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	15.7%	7.5%	3.7%	8.8%

Source: SHEV.io

Exports cloves from South-eastern Asia

Exports in kind, t

Cloves exports from South-eastern Asia have also risen for the third consecutive year. In 2020, the region exported 45 170 tonnes of cloves, representing a steep increase of 69.3% over the previous year. From 2017 to 2020, exports surged by 357.4%, averaging an annual growth rate of 66.0%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from South-eastern Asia in kind, 2017-2020, t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	136.0%	14.5%	69.3%	66.0%

Source: SHEV.io

Between 2017 and 2020, the export destinations for cloves in kind were quite scattered. India accounted for 22.8% of exports, Saudi Arabia for 5.2%, and Pakistan for 5.0%. Together, these three countries made up just 33.1% of total flows, with no single partner emerging as clearly dominant.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from South-eastern Asia in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Exports in value, M $ US

In terms of value, South-eastern Asia exported 203.9 million US dollars worth of cloves in 2020, corresponding to an intense rise of 43.6% compared to 2019. Over the 2017-2020 period, exports increased by 53.7%, with an annual growth rate of 15.4%. The largest decline occurred in 2019, when exports fell by 23.6%.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from South-eastern Asia in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	40.2%	(23.6%)	43.6%	15.4%

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, the country structure of exports in value terms remained highly diversified. India contributed 17.3% of exports, Saudi Arabia 6.7%, and the United Arab Emirates 5.0%. Combined, these three markets accounted for only 29.0% of total flows, while a long tail of smaller markets made up the remaining 71.0%.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's exports from South-eastern Asia in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports cloves to South-eastern Asia

Imports in kind, t

The data reveals irregular changes, indicating a volatile market environment. Import volumes hit a low in 2019 at 7 431 tonnes, then peaked in 2017, with a top-to-bottom ratio of 3.8 times. In 2020, cloves volumes imported by South-eastern Asia totalled 8 469 tonnes, up by 14.0% compared to 2019. The largest decline was recorded in 2019, at 72.1%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to South-eastern Asia in kind, 2017-2020, t

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(6.6%)	(72.1%)	14.0%	(33.3%)

Source: SHEV.io

Between 2017 and 2020, the largest suppliers of cloves to South-eastern Asia in kind were Madagascar, with 63.9% of imports, Tanzania with 13.4%, and Comoros with 3.3%. Together, these three countries formed 80.7% of total imports in kind.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to South-eastern Asia in kind, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

Imports in value, M $ US

South-eastern Asia's volume of cloves imports declined for the third consecutive year. In 2020, imports totalled 46.5 million US dollars, equivalent to a modest decline of 6.3% from 2019. Over the period from 2017 to 2020, imports decreased by 80%, with an annual decline rate of 41.5%.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to South-eastern Asia in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Parameter		2018	2019	2020	CAGR
1	Change from last year	(11.4%)	(75.9%)	(6.3%)	(41.5%)

Source: SHEV.io

From 2017 to 2020, two leading markets—Madagascar and Tanzania—together accounted for 80.2% of total imports in value terms, while the remaining volume was dispersed across a wide range of other countries.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io

World map of product's imports to South-eastern Asia in value, 2017-2020

Source: SHEV.io