Alliaceous vegetables market in Central Asia

Earlier Report Observations

After a contraction in 2019, the market volume for alliaceous vegetables began to recover from 2020. The increased role of large greenhouse complexes and producers helped stabilize supply chains, even as the COVID-19 pandemic affected logistics and sales channels. This adaptation supported a gradual rebound in domestic market size.

From 2021, continued government support for farmers and a growing focus on organic agriculture encouraged production expansion. The introduction of new labeling and packaging requirements enhanced product transparency, while strengthened export potential to Central Asian, Middle Eastern, and European markets diverted some output abroad. Nonetheless, retail sales of fresh vegetables grew significantly, reflecting rising consumer demand that contributed to market growth through 2023.

In 2024, exports of fresh vegetables rose sharply, reaching 944.4 thousand tonnes—a 1.5‑fold increase over the previous year. This export surge, alongside shifts in consumer preferences and higher global prices, underscored the market's evolving structure, though domestic processing activity declined.

Production alliaceous vegetables in Central Asia

In kind, 2017-2020, K t

Top producers of alliaceous vegetables, 2017-2020

World map of production of alliaceous vegetables, 2017-2020

In Central Asia, production of alliaceous vegetables reached 3 365 thousand tons in 2020, showing a modest 2.2% increase from 2019. Over the 2017-2020 period, production grew by 11.9%, with an average annual growth rate of 3.8%. The highest production level was recorded in 2018 at 3 733 thousand tons, which represented a significant 24.2% increase from the previous year. However, in 2019, production experienced its largest decline of 11.8%.

Annual dynamics of production in Central Asia in kind, 2017-2020, K t

In value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Central Asia's alliaceous vegetables production value declined for the third consecutive year. In 2020, the output was valued at 768.5 million US dollars, marking a substantial 13.4% decrease compared to 2019. Over the 2017-2020 period, production value fell by 18.9%, with an average annual decline rate of 6.7%.

Annual dynamics of production in Central Asia in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Exports alliaceous vegetables from Central Asia

Exports in kind, K t

The market showed an unstable trend throughout the period. Export volumes reached their lowest point in 2017 and peaked in 2019, with a 4.8-fold difference between these years. In 2020, Central Asia exported 289.4 thousand tons of alliaceous vegetables, which was 24.4% lower than the previous year. The maximum volume was recorded in 2019 at 382.9 thousand tons, representing a substantial 174.9% increase from 2018.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Central Asia in kind, 2017-2020, K t

From 2017 to 2020, exports of alliaceous vegetables from Central Asia were distributed across numerous countries. Russia accounted for 21.1% of exports, Afghanistan for 6.6%, and Pakistan for 6.5%, with these three countries together representing 34.1% of total export flows.

Structure of product's exports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's exports from Central Asia in kind, 2017-2020

Exports in value, M $ US

The market exhibited significant volatility during these years. Export values reached their lowest point in 2017 and peaked in 2019, with a 4.1-fold difference between these years. In 2020, alliaceous vegetables exports from Central Asia amounted to 66.1 million US dollars, showing a 36.0% decrease compared to the previous year. The maximum value was recorded in 2019 at 103.2 million US dollars, which represented a remarkable 202.6% increase from 2018.

Annual dynamics of product's exports from Central Asia in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

From 2017 to 2020, export values of alliaceous vegetables from Central Asia were not concentrated among a few key destinations. Russia accounted for 24.8% of export value, Ukraine for 9.2%, and Pakistan for 6.1%, with these three countries together representing 40.1% of total export flows.

Structure of product's exports in value by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's exports from Central Asia in value, 2017-2020

Imports alliaceous vegetables to Central Asia

Imports in kind, K t

The data reveals irregular changes, indicating a volatile market environment. Import volumes reached their lowest point in 2018 and peaked in 2017, with a 6.1-fold difference between these years. In 2020, Central Asia imported 15.8 thousand tons of alliaceous vegetables, which was 69.5% lower than the previous year. The minimum volume was recorded in 2018 at 9.4 thousand tons, representing an 83.6% decline from 2017. However, in 2019, imports saw a dramatic 450.1% increase.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Central Asia in kind, 2017-2020, K t

Throughout 2017-2020, China accounted for 3.5% of import volumes, Iran for 1.0%, and Russia for 0.9%, with these three countries together representing 5.4% of total import flows.

Structure of product's imports in kind by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's imports to Central Asia in kind, 2017-2020

Imports in value, M $ US

Alliaceous vegetables imports to Central Asia increased for the second consecutive year. In 2020, imports amounted to 32.0 million US dollars, showing a 4.0% increase compared to 2019. Over the 2017-2020 period, imports grew by 27.8%, with an average annual growth rate of 8.5%. The minimum value was recorded in 2018 at 24.2 million US dollars, representing a 3.4% decline from 2017. However, in 2019, imports saw a 27.3% increase.

Annual dynamics of product's imports to Central Asia in value, 2017-2020, M $ US

Throughout 2017-2020, China accounted for 13.4% of import value, Iran for 1.6%, and Pakistan for 0.9%, with these three countries together representing 15.9% of total import flows.

Structure of product's imports in value by countries, 2017-2020

World map of product's imports to Central Asia in value, 2017-2020