Indonesia Accounts for 7.42% of Global Coffee Output as Smallholders Drive Production
Indonesia has accounted for about 7.42% of global coffee production, ranking as the world’s fourth-largest producer. National output reached approximately 813,000 tonnes of green coffee in 2024, with smallholder farms forming the backbone of the industry.
Indonesia retains a major position in global coffee
Indonesia has accounted for approximately 7.42% of total global coffee production, placing it fourth among the world’s largest producers, according to data from the Ministry of Agriculture cited by VIVA. The figure appears in the ministry’s Coffee Commodity Outlook 2023 and underlines the country’s established role in an industry led by Brazil and Vietnam.
The position is supported by annual production measured in hundreds of thousands of tonnes. Ministry data put Indonesian coffee output at 794,762 tonnes in 2022, while production for 2023 was estimated at 789,609 tonnes. More recent government data indicate that national production reached approximately 813,000 tonnes of green coffee in 2024.
The 2024 figure represents an increase from both the 2022 result and the 2023 estimate. It also shows the scale Indonesia brings to international competition, although the available figures do not specify how much of the crop was exported or how the country’s share changed after the 7.42% assessment.
Smallholders control most of the production base
Indonesia’s coffee plantations covered approximately 1.27 million hectares in 2024. This extensive production base is overwhelmingly dependent on smallholder agriculture rather than large plantation companies. The Coffee Commodity Outlook 2023 found that smallholder estates accounted, on average, for about 95.75% of Indonesian coffee cultivation during the 1984–2023 period.
That ownership structure makes coffee commercially and socially important well beyond the processing and export sectors. Changes in yields, farmgate prices and access to buyers can directly affect the communities that depend on the crop. For processors and traders, the highly fragmented supply base also makes aggregation, consistent quality and traceability central operating issues.
Production is divided principally between Robusta and Arabica. Over the past decade, Robusta represented approximately 72.71% of the country’s coffee, compared with 27.29% for Arabica. This makes Indonesia’s overall production performance particularly sensitive to conditions in its major Robusta-growing regions.
Regional diversity supports a broad product portfolio
The main Robusta centres are South Sumatra, Lampung, Bengkulu, East Java and Central Java. Arabica production is concentrated in areas including Aceh, North Sumatra, South Sulawesi and West Sumatra. This geographical spread gives Indonesia a combination of large-volume production and coffees associated with specific origins.
Recognised producing areas include Gayo in Aceh, Mandailing in North Sumatra, Java Preanger in West Java, Toraja in South Sulawesi and Kintamani in Bali. Each has its own geographical identity and flavour profile. For producers, processors and exporters, this range allows Indonesia to compete both through its dominant Robusta volumes and through differentiated Arabica origins, while the smallholder-led structure means productivity and quality improvements must reach a widely dispersed farming base.
